M4U5A1 - Applying Classroom Rules and Procedures
Applying Classroom Rules and Procedures
In order to create a high academic learning environment for students to achieve
their goals, teachers not only need to establish classroom rules and procedures for
students to engage in instruction in the classroom effectively, but also need to build a
proper behavior management plan for students who have unexpected negative
behaviors in the classroom. To maintain good behavior management, teachers
should establish positive and negative consequences for students who do not
follow the rules and procedures correctly, as well as set up the consequences at
the beginning of the school year. On the other hand, an instant corrective feedback
supports students’ learning. The case of Mr. Hutchins classroom proves that
modifying or correcting the negative behavior immediately and employing the
consequences to students can enhance students’ self-awareness about their
behavior expectations, as well as improve their performance.
The strategies that can reinforce for adherence to rules and procedures are
verbal or nonverbal recognition, tangible recognition, colored code of behavior
system, involving the home in recognition of positive student behavior like phone
calls, E-mails, notes and certificates. Without consequences, students can’t get their
high performance expectation (Marzano, 2007). Thus, teachers should establish a
plan for students who break the classroom rules and procedures. The flow chart
shows a teacher how to make a decision when students follow or break the
classroom rules and procedures according to the reading of The Art and Science of
Teaching.
However, when and how I’ll respond when students are breaking the rules or
not following the procedures in my classroom can change depending on the situation.
Regardless I teach different levels of students, I need to consider different age’s
cognition development to plan the strategies to reinforce classroom management. I
am going to share my strategies that I used in my classroom with you.
Positive Reinforcement
When teachers give a lecture in class, the most important thing is to “withiness”
students’ learning and behavioral situations in the classroom. During withiness,
teachers can recognize which students are following the classroom rules and
procedures, and then he or she can call out or praise for students immediately. My
reaction for students who are following the classroom rules and procedures is to give
them a verbal or nonverbal compliment such as “ You do a good job! High Five. I like
your idea! Amazing work!” in public. Verbal reinforcement can be saying to the
specific students or the class that they are doing a good job (Marzano, 2007). For
instance, students hand in their assignments on time. The verbal reinforcement I
used in the classroom is to call out praise to them in private, in public or during the
class. This verbal reinforcement can be an index for students who are misbehavior in
the classroom to pay attention. Nonverbal reinforcement can be use smiles, nods,
winks, thumb-up sign, and A-OK signs. For example, a student raises the hands
before asking a question. I usually smile or nod to them to show my appropriated for
you being doing well in the classroom or show a thumb-up sign to them.
Tangible recognition is another way that I used for students who follow the
classroom rules and procedures in the classroom. Tangible recognition can be an
individual/behavioral certificated or class wide reward, such as a system of points or stars or
stickers. Take students working quietly during the class as example, if they all do a good job,
then I will add a group point on the board for them. At the end of the week, I will see which
group has the highest points, and then they can get a positive consequence: The Star of the
week certificate.
The home in cognition is the other strategy I used for students who adhere to
rules and procedures. Since I am in China, wechat is a popular communication
tool that teachers and parents use. I used to send a message to the parents on
wechat, if the students do a wonderful thing in the class. The message that I used to
write is “Dear John’s parents, your kid did a wonderful job in English class today. He
helped his classmates and teacher to put his chair up and cleaned the classroom.
Please give him a big hug tonight.” Through communicating with parents or
guardians, they can engage into the recognition of child’s behavior development
process. In this way, students can view the teacher or school contacting the home
about their good behavior as a valued acknowledgement. (Marzano, 2007, P139)
Except those verbal or nonverbal, tangible cognition or home cognition, I also
used two classroom management tools - Class Dojo and Classcraft - to provide a
positive reinforcement for individual student who adhere to classroom rules and
procedures. For example, a student shows his respect to the classmates. I will
display the Class Dojo or Classcraft webpage on the screen in front of the class to
add a point for him. Doing this in front of the rest of the class should motivate others
to do the same. Additionally, this tool allows parents to connect with the teacher to let
parents get involved in recognition of positive student’s behavior. At the end of the
semester, I will choose the students with the most points and give them a “Star of the
semester” certificate to encourage them to keep this good behavior in the classroom.
Negative Consequences
Without appropriate consequences for behavior management, no matter how
perfect management tools there are, there is still no benefit for students. I teach two
different ages of students, so I have to implement different strategies on different
group of students to respond the students who are breaking the rules or not following
procedures.
Withitness is one of the most well-recognized classroom management techniques.
(Marzano, 2007, P135)
The first strategy I used often for these two groups is “with it”. I walk around the
classroom to scan and monitor each student’s learning or behavior. Using this way,
I can minimize the misbehavior issues that happen in the classroom and to provide a
safe learning environment. For example, I walk around the groups to observe their
work; two boys are fighting with each other. I choose to monitor them for a while and
when I recognize that potential problem might happen. Then I will walk close to them
and intervene to say “Stop that! Be nice to each other.” to show that as the teacher, I
am watching you all the time.
Freeze out is another strategy that I like to used in my classroom for all ages of
students who lack adherence to rules and procedures. Freeze out is similar to
time-out in that asks students to sit somewhere else in the classroom and
do not interact with others. When a student does inappropriate behavior during the
class, such as disturbing other students, I will ask him to sit in the freeze out zone
and to explain to him what he does is a misbehavior performance. He should need to
reflect on his behavior until he controls himself so that he can return to the regular
classroom.
The Group recognition strategy facilitates students to develop their
responsibility in a group. To motivate my students do not break classroom rules and
procedures, I use a visually-supported illustration to support them. Take my traffic
stoplight behavior system as an example which is similar to the tangible recognition.
I used three colors to present students’ behavior problem. Green light is a start point,
each group begins with this light. Orange light means you start disobeying the rules
and procedures and I go to your desk and speak with you privately with verbal notice.
The worst situation is the students continue ignoring my warning more than three
times, as a result I will put the red light on to show the whole class that that group lost
their student privileges.
If a student’s behavior still does not get modified, and the above strategies do
not work on them, the worst thing is to use home recognition. Same as positive
reinforcement, I use Wechat to communicate with parents or guardians about the
student’s negative behavior. Through the cooperation between teacher and parents
or guardians to give assistance to student.
The last and worst decision is if student does not improve his behavior problem
even after these steps, then the school gets involved to in control of this issue which
is called school recognition . The department of Student Affair which is charging in
discipline will engage in this case and arrange a meeting for parents or guardians
and students. All of them sit together to discuss the student’s specific behavior
problems and the student has an opportunity to defend or explain his misbehavior
problem. If the negative behavior happens due to the student’s frustration, then, the
record-keeping system will get involved to track student’s daily behavior whether it is
good or bad. If the behavior is good, then the students can make an agreement with
positive consequence from parents. If the behavior is still bad, and then the negative
consequence will be implemented for the students.
The flow chart shows below explains how I make a decision to identify a
student’s behavior problems in the classroom.
Overall, no matter you are new fresh teacher or experienced teacher, the big
challenge in the classroom is the classroom management. Without an effective
classroom management, teachers cannot deliver the meaningful and knowledgeable
perception to students. Additionally, it is also important consider the positive or
negative consequence when teachers set up the classroom management.
RESOURCE
Marzano, R. J. (2007). The art and science of teaching: a comprehensive framework for effective instruction. Alexandria, Va: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
留言
張貼留言